Imyaka 116 irashize umujyi wa Kigali ushinzwe n’umudage Richard Kandt, imyaka 61 irashize utangiye kwitwa umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, muri yo igera hafi kuri 44 Kigali yayimaze itarafata umurongo w’impinduka, umwaka wa 2001 utangirana na gahunda yo kuwuteza imbere ngo ube icyitegererezo ku isi.
Ni umujyi ufite amateka maremare kuko niwo wabaye igicumbi cy’abakoloni b’abadage, aba mbere bakolonije u Rwanda bagakurwa n’ababiligi kugeza mu 1962 ubwo u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge.
Kigali izi byinshi kuko ibyiza n’ibibi u Rwanda rwanyuzemo imigambi yabyo yacurirwaga cyangwa ikanogerezwa muri Kigali, mu murwa mukuru.
Kuri uyu wa Gatanu tariki ya 15 Ukuboza 2023 abajyanama b’Umujyi wa Kigali bicaye batora umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali mushya, amahirwe agwa kuri Dusabiyumva Samuel wahundagajweho amajwi ku bwiganze bwo hejuru, kuko yatowe n’abntu 532/638, yegukana atyo uyu mwanya uba wifuzwa n’abatari bacye.
Dusengiyumva wize ibijyanye n’amategeko , abaye umuyobozi wa Kigali wa cumi n’umwe nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuko awuyoboye nyuma ya Protais Musoni (1997-1999),Marc Kabandana(1999-2001),Theoneste Mutsindashyaka(2001-2006), Aissa Kirabo Kacyira (2006-2011), Fidèle Ndayisaba(2011-2016 ), Monique Mukaruliza (2016) Pascal Nyamulinda (2017-2018) ,Marie Chantal Rwakazina (2018-2019) na Rubingisa Pudence (2019-2023).
Hano turarebera hamwe bimwe mu by’ingenzi byagiye biranga imiyoborere y’Umujyi wa Kigali uhereye mu mwaka wa 2001 ubwo hatangiraga gahunda yo kuwuhindura icyitegererezo muri Afurika no ku isi mu birebana n’isuku, imiturire, kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ibindi.
Uriya mwaka wa 2001 wakurikiranye n’impinduka nyinshi muri Kigali zaje vuba vuba, zatangiye hacibwa gukorera mu mazu atuzuye, za kontineri zari zuzuye umujyi zicururizwamo ziracibwa, imihanda itangira kuvugururwa, umujyi waburaga amashanyarazi bya hato na hato birakemurwa, kubaka mu bishinga bihinduka ikizira, mu mihanda hagati hashyirwa ubusitani binagirwa sakirirego kubukandagiramo mu gihe inkengero zayo hatangiye gushyirwa amatara aboneshereza bose mu ijoro [éclairage public/street lighting].
Ibyemezo byafashwe ni byinshi kuko byageze no kukubuza abantu [cyane abagabo kuko Abanyarwandakazi ahanini ari ba mutakwasuku] kwihagarika ku mihanda hashyirwaho ubwiherero ku mihanda yo hirya no hino muri Kigali, uhereye muri rond point nini yo mu mujyi rwagati, hirya no hino mu mujyi hashyirwa udusanduku tugenewe kubika imyanda [poubelles/bins] birangira guta imyanda ahabonetse hose bibaye amateka. N’abamotari bategetswe kwambara ingofero zabugenewe [casques/helmets], tagisi minibisi zicibwa mu mujyi burundu, n’ibindi byinshi bigoye kurondora.
Nyinshi mu mpinduka zakozwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali nubwo zikunze kwitirirwa ba meya bawuyoboye, kenshi na kenshi zagiye zituruka kuri Perezida Paul Kagame ubwe ku buryo abayobora Umujyi wa Kigali bose usanga bashyira mu bikorwa intumbero Umukuru w’Igihugu awufiteho. Mu minsi ishize Perezida Kagame yatangaje ko ari mu biganiro byo kunoza gahunda nshya yo gusimbuza moto zitwara abagenzi inshya zikoresha amashanyarazi.Izi moto kuri ubu zirimo gukoreshwa muri Kigali.
Ibyemezo byafashwe kugira ngo Kigali ise uko isa kuri ubu ni byinshi ariko byose byari bikwiye kuko magingo aya byayihesheje kugera ku myanya yo hejuru mu mijyi iryoheye kuyituramo ku mugabane wa Afurika, umujyi abanyamahanga bageramo ugasanga benshi muri bo barabya indimi kuko imiterere ya Kigali y’ubu usanga ari imbonekarimwe kuri uyu mugabane.
Ibi byemezo ariko ntabwo byafatiwe rimwe ndetse ntabwo byashyizwe mu bikorwa icyarimwe, ku buryo tugiye kureba bimwe mu byaranze imiyoborere ya Kigali uhereye kuri Mutsindashyaka Theoneste bamwe bigeze guha izina ry’iritazirano rya « Mutsindamazu » kubera inkubiri yazanye mu kuvugurura imiturire muri uyu mujyi, hamwe na ba meya bawuyoboye nyuma ye.
Lt.Col Roza Kabuye
Kabuye yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu gukangurira abaturage ibyiza byo gusukura umujyi, hanashyirwaho ingengo y’imari yagenewe isuku n’isukurwa ry’umujyi wa Kigali.
Si ibyo gusa kuko yanagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza abanyarwanda bari bahungutse kwihutira kubaka inzu zabo bakava mu z’abandi babohoje.
Protais Musoni
Uyu munyapolitiki yakoze ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo gushyiraho gahunda yo gutuza abaturage, ubwo bahabwaga ibibanza muri gahunda yiswe TTP.
Iyo gahunda yo gutuza abantu, ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye byaranze ubuyobozi bwe mbere y’uko ahindurirwa imirimo.
Marc Kabandana
Uyu mugabo ni umwe mu bagerageje gushimangira bimwe mu bikorwa by’abamubanjirije ariko nyuma aza gukora ibihabanye n’imiyoborere, birimo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, no kwica amategeko agenga amasoko ya Leta.
Ibyo byatumye urukiko rumukatira gufungwa imyaka 4 n’amezi 6 acibwa n’ihazabu ingana n’ibihumbi 250.
Mutsindashyaka utaravugirwagamo
Umujyi wa Kigali wo zingiro ry’igihugu wikubiye 80 % by’ubukungu bwacyo, wagiye uyoborwa n’abayobozi batandukanye bafite imikorere itandukanye.
Kubera kubaka inzego z’igihugu no kugisubiza umurongo, ibikorwa byihariye by’umujyi wa Kigali byatangiye kuvugwa cyane ahagana mu 2001 kubwa Mutsindashyaka Theoneste wawuyoboye imyaka itanu.
Impamvu nuko aribwo hari hamaze gufatwa umurongo wo guteza imbere igihugu, dore ko ubuyobozi bwa Rose Kabuye, Protais Musoni na Marc Kabandana bwahuriranye n’ibibazo byo kugarura umutekano mu gihugu ku buryo ahanini byibandaga kuri iyo ngingo kurusha izindi.
Mutsindashyaka yaje mu mujyi wa Kigali urangwamo umutekano muke, ubujura buca ibintu mu duce duhurirwamo abantu benshi nka Nyabugogo n’ahandi, imitwe ya mayibobo yarihaye amazina kugeza ubwo biba ku manywa y’ihangu abantu bakabifata nk’ibisanzwe. Yewe na za banki ntabwo bene ngango bazireberaga izuba.
Mutsindashyaka yaje umuriro w’amashanyarazi muri Kigali ari ingume uduce tw’umujyi dusimburanwa mu mwijima.Nubwo yagiye bimwe bitarakemuka hari ibyagiye bikorwa nko guca ubujura muri Kigali.
Ku buyobozi bwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Mutsindashyaka yari azwiho gufata ibyemezo bikarishye, cyane cyane mu bibazo by’amasambu n’imiturire.
Yahanganye bikomeye na Uwamwezi Joséphine (Nyiri La Comete) uzwi ku izina rya Nyiragasazi ku bw’umuturirwa yashakaga kuzamura, Mutsindashaya akawita ‘ikiburazina’.
Undi bahanganye ni nyakwigendera Mirimo yashatse gusenyera, urubanza rukarangira Umujyi wa Kigali utegetswe kwishyura miliyoni 150.
Mutsindashyaka yamenyekanye kandi ubwo yitaga amazu y’abafite amikoro make bo mu Mujyi wa Kigali “utururi” cyangwa “ibyari by’inyoni” tugomba gusenywa.
Ku buyobozi bwe niho hatanijwe gahunda yo guca abazunguzayi muri Kigali, gukuraho kiyosike na kontineri zitajyanye n’igihe, gusenya inzu zidafite ibyangombwa n’ibindi.
Aissa Kirabo Kacyira n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali
Dr Aissa Kirabo Kirabo ni we wasimbuye Mutsindashyaka ku buyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali, akaba umugore wa kabiri wayoboye uyu mujyi mu myaka yose wari umaze ubayeho.
Kirabo nk’uwari intumwa ya rubanda mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yaje yitezweho gukora ibiteza imbere Umujyi wa Kigali wari uri hafi kuzuza imyaka ijana ubayeho ndetse n’ibibazo by’abaturage bashinjaga Mutsindashyaka kubayoboresha igitugu.
Umujyi wa Kigali wari ukirimo ibibazo byo kwimura abaturage kubw’ingurane, bamwe bakishyurwa nabi cyangwa bigatinda nko mu Kiyovu cy’abakene n’ahandi.
Ikibazo cy’umuvundo w’imodoka, ibikorwa remezo bike nk’amatara ku mihanda ya Kigali, akavuyo mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu byari biganje muri uyu mujyi.
Mu 2008 ubwo Kirabo yamurikaga bwa mbere igishushanyo mbonera cy’umujyi wa Kigali, yavuze ko intego ye ari ugusiga Kigali itekanye, isukuye no guteza imbere ishoramari muri uwo mujyi wateraga imbere ku kigero cya 10.8 %.
Dr Kirabo ubwo yari ayoboye Kigali mu 2008, umujyi wa Kigali watwaye igihembo mpuzamahanga kubwo kwita ku bidukikije, isuku n’umutekano ndetse na gahunda nziza yo gushakira ab’amikoro aciririrtse amazu aboneye kandi ahendutse nk’ayubatswe muri Batsinda.
Nubwo hari ibikorwa byinshi byakozwe ubwo yari ayoboye bigashimwa, yavuzweho kutavugirwamo ndetse no gufatira ingamba zikakaye abayobozi bananiwe kuzuza ibyo bashinzwe.
Mu Ugushyingo 2009, Kirabo yanyomoje abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bari bamaze iminsi begura ku mpamvu zabo bwite, avuga ko beguzwa kuko bananiwe akazi.
Icyakora na we yagiye ashinjwa kutubaha ibyemezo by’abamukuriye kugeza ubwo uwari Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu Christophe Bazivamo yanditse asaba ko Kirabo afatirwa ibyemezo kubera kwirengagiza ikibazo cy’abaturage bo muri Jabana bari babangamiwe n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye bwakorwaga n’abashinwa.
Icyo gihe njyanama y’umujyi yaramwihanangirije, ndetse imumenyesha ko niyongera azafatirwa ibihano.
Dr Kirabo yanze kongera kwiyamamariza kuyobora Kigali mu 2011, nubwo amategeko yabimwemereraga kandi ahabwa n’amahirwe menshi.
Ndayisaba Fidele mu mpinduka zo gutwara abantu n’ibintu
Ndayisaba yatangiye kuyobora Umujyi wa Kigali mu 2011. Ku isonga yavugaga ko ashaka Umujyi wa Kigali ufite uburyo bwo gutwara abantu bugezweho ku buryo n’abafite imodoka zabo bazajya bazisiga mu rugo bakagenda mu za rusange.
Yemezaga ko ibyo nibigerwaho na politiki yo gukora amasaha 24 kuri 24 mu mujyi izagerwaho kuko ntawe uzaba agitewe impungenge no gukora amasaha yose kuko igihe ashakiye gutaha bizajya byoroha.
Yaje ku buyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali ituwe n’abasaga miliyoni 1.3 , muri 54 % bakeneye amacumbi aciriritse ndetse yiyemeza gusiga icyo kibazo gikemutse nubwo gisa n’icyananiranye.
Muri Nyakanga 2012 gutwara abantu muri Kigali byahinduye isura, imodoka zishyirwa muri Koperative aribwo havukaga RFTC, KBS na Royal zigabanywa imihanda muri Kigali ngo zitangire gutwara abagenzi kuri gahunda.
Ubuyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali icyo gihe bwavugaga ko abashoferi kubera kwigenga bajyaga bataha amasaha bashakiye, bigatuma abagenzi babura imodoka.
Mu 2013 kandi mu mujyi wa Kigali hatangijwe gahunda ya Smart City, hashyirwa Internet mu modoka n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Ni gahunda yishimiwe igitangira ariko igenda icika intege kuko akenshi aho internet yavugwaga itahabonekaga.
Mu gihe cye, nibwo haje imodoka zitwara abagenzi benshi ziswe ‘Shirumuteto’ zigabanya ikibazo cy’imodoka ariko zigashinjwa gupakira abantu benshi no gukererwa ku byapa.
Kubwa Ndayisaba nibwo umujyi wa Kigali wujuje ibiro bigezweho byo gukoreramo nyuma y’igihe ukorera mu nyubako zidakwiriye.
Nyuma yo gutaha iyo nzu hanibukwa amagambo yatangaje benshi Ndayisaba yavuze , agira ati “Kimwe mu binshimisha mu buzima, kuba mfite igihugu, nkagira ijambo mu gihugu cyanjye, nkaba na nayobora nkanicara aho Habyarimana watotezaga abantu yicaraga,tukaba twaranavanyeho na Nyakatsi yari yarahasize yarimo imizimu biciragamo abantu, ubu tukaba tuhafite ingoro ikwiriye ubuyobozi bw’ abanyamujyi”.
Monique Mukaruliza na Car free Day
Mukaruliza yayoboye umujyi wa Kigali igihe kingana n’amasaha 8184 ahwanye n’iminsi 341 nyuma ya manda yari yaratorewe kuya 29 Gashyantare 2016.
Mukaruliza Monique yabaye umugore wa gatatu uyoboye Umujyi wa Kigali kuva mu 1996.
Kubera igihe gito yamaze ku buyobozi bw’umujyi, bimwe mu bikorwa yari yatangiye hari ibyo yagiye bitarangiye ariko ikintu gikomeye yibukirwaho ni siporo rusange izwi nka Car Free Day yatangiye muri Gicurasi 2016.
Iyi siporo imaze kuba ikimenyabose ndetse yakwirakwiriye no hirya no hino mu gihugu ku buryo isigaye yarongerewe iminsi, ikava ku munsi umwe mu kwezi ikaba kabiri mu kwezi.
Mu zindi gahunda avuga ko zaranze igihe yari amaze mu Mujyi wa Kigali, harimo ibikorwa byari bimaze gutangira byo kwagura imihanda imwe n’imwe yo mu Mujyi wa Kigali aho byatangiriye kuva mu Mujyi werekeza i Nyabugogo.
Nyamulinda Pascal, yazonzwe n’ikibazo cy’abatuye Bannyahe
Nyamulinda wari Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo gishinzwe Indangamuntu, NIDA, yatowe ku wa 17 Gashyantare 2017 agize amajwi 161 atsinda Umuhoza Aurore bari bahanganye.
Uyu mugabo uvuga make yaje yitezweho byinshi cyane cyane hashingiwe ku mikorere myiza yarangaga ikigo NIDA yari avuyemo.
Mu gihe cye hakomeje ibikorwa bisanzwe nko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo hubakwa imihanda mishya, guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’ibindi ariko ikintu cyavuzwe cyane ku buyobozi bwe ni iyimurwa ry’abaturage bo mu mudugudu wa Kangondo I, Akagali ka Nyarutarama mu murenge wa Remera, ahazwi nka Bannyahe .
Abo baturage bashakaga amafaranga ariko umushoramari na Leta bakifuza ko bahabwa inzu, kugeza ubwo bamwe bajyanye Leta mu manza basaba guhabwa ingurane.
Nyamulinda yarinze ava mu mujyi wa Kigali icyo kibazo kitarakemuka, n’uwamusimbuye yagiye kitarakemuka.
Yeguye ku buyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali mu buryo butunguranye muri Mata 2018, ku mpamvu z’uko ngo ‘atari agishoboye kuyobora umujyi’.
Rwakazina Marie Chantal yavuguruye igishushanyo mbonera
Rwakazina yatorewe kuyobora umujyi wa Kigali muri Gicurasi 2019. Agitorwa yavuze ko azaharanira gushyira mu bikorwa ibiteganywa muri gahunda y’igihugu y’imyaka irindwi n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali, mu buryo busubiza ibibazo by’abatuye Umujyi bafite ubushobozi butandukanye, ku buryo ntawe uzumva ko ari ku ruhande rw’ibibera mu mujyi.
Hashize amezi make atowe, umushinga wo kuvugurura igishushanyo mbonera waratangiye ndetse haba inama zitandukanye zisaba abaturage gutanga ibitekerezo kubyo bumva byazibandwaho muri icyo gishushanyo mbonera.
Yavuze ko icyo gishushanyo mbonera kitazagira umuturage cyirukana muri Kigali, yaba uwifite n’utishoboye.
Mu byo Rwakazina yari yiyemeje agitangira kuyobora Kigali harimo gushyiraho uburyo butuma abanyamujyi baruhuka bakanidagadura.
Nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe akuwe mu nshingano ze muri Nyakanga 2019, umujyi wa Kigali watangaje ko hagiye kujya haba ibitaramo by’ubuntu buri kwezi bifasha abatuye umujyi kwidagadura no kuruhuka.
Rubingisa Pudence
Rubingisa Pudence wagizwe Guverineri w’Intara y’Iburasirazuba nawe ni inararibonye mu by’ubukungu, akaba yarakoze mu myanya itandukanye irimo kuba umuyobozi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda kuva mu 2013 ushinzwe ishami ry’ubutegetsi n’imari, kuba umuyobozi Wungirije ushinzwe ubutegetsi n’imari muri ISAE-Busogo n’ibindi.
Akimara gutorwa, Pudence Rubingisa yavuze ko azubakira ku byakozwe n’abamubanjirije ariko agashyira imbaraga mu kunoza ibijyanye no gutwara abantu mu modoka rusange.Ariko ibi byaramugoye cyane kuko nibwo hagaragaye abantu bararaga muri gare babuze imodoka.
Yavuze ko kandi azaharanira guteza imbere umujyi utabangamira ibidukikije, iterambere rigakomeza kwihuta.
Uyu Rubingisa kandi yaje mu gihe gikomeye kuko yahise agongana n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, arwana intambara ya guma mu rugo,ibindi bizasigara mu mitwe y’abantu ni ugukura abantu bari batuye ahantu hashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga hazwi nk’amanegeka.
Ku buyozi bwe kandi ntabwo twakwibagirwa kubibutsa ibijyanye na Dosiye ya Dubayi kuko byamenyekanye ku ngoma ye, ikindi azibukirwaho mu Mujyi wa Kigali ni uko yari umwe mu bantu baryoherwaga cyane na Sport muri “Car free day”. Hanadutse n’imvugo yakundaga kuvugwa cyane n’urubyiruko bati:”Umujyi wa Rubingisa“, bigaragara ko yakundwaga cyane n’abiganjemo urubyiruko bitewe no kubana nabo mu bikorwa by’imyidagaduro cyane.
Rubingisa kandi yayoboye uwo mujyi nyuma yo guhabwa imiyoborere mishya, dore ko ari wo usigaye ureberera uturere twose tuwugize ukanagira mu nshingano ibikorwa by’iterambere haba mu kubyubaka no kubiteza imbere.
Dusabiyumva ni muntu ki?
Kuva mu Ugushyingo 2019 kugeza ubu, Dusengiyumva Samuel yari Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Minaloc.
Uyu mugabo wize amategeko mu yahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2005, yabaye umujyanama mu by’amategeko muri Gahunda y’Inkiko Gacaca kuva mu 2006 kugeza mu 2008, aho yajyaga inama kandi agatanga amahugurwa ku nyangamugayo za Gacaca zafashije mu guca imanza mu Turere twa Bugesera, Rwamagana na Huye.
Muri iyi gahunda kandi yafashaga mu bukangurambaga kugira ngo abaturage bitabire imirimo y’Inkiko Gacaca, akanasesengura kandi agafasha mu gukemura ibibazo by’amategeko byashoboraga kuvuka muri izi manza.
Mu 2009 kugeza mu 2011 yari umuyobozi wa Gahunda ya One Laptop Per Child ku rwego rw’igihugu. Iyi gahunda yari igamije kugeza mudasobwa kuri buri mwana.
Ni mu gihe kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2013 yari n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Sosiyete ya MMD Law Firm, yunganira abantu mu by’amategeko. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2015 yari Umuyobozi ushinzwe guteza imbere ubumenyi mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda.
Dusengiyumva Samuel yanabaye umujyanama mu by’amategeko mu Kigo cyo mu Karere gishinzwe kugenzura Intwaro nto [Regional Center on Small Arms] hagati ya 2015 na 2016, na ho kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2019 yari Umuhuzabikorwa w’Ishami rishinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga muri Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta.
Biteganyijwe ko umujyi wa Kigali uzaba utuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni enye mu 2050 ariyo mpamvu imbaraga nyinshi zashyizwe mu gutunganya ibikorwa remezo bizabasha guhaza abazaba bawurimo icyo gihe.
Photos: Credit to Igihe.com, Kigali city
Urakoze Sam. Kuduha amateka y’ubuyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali .Iyi nkuru ikoze neza.