Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB), ari na rwo rufite inshingano zo kugenzura imikino y’amahirwe, rwashyizeho politiki y’ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe mu Rwanda.
Iyo ikubiyemo ingamba zizatuma RDB irushaho gutanga umusaruro mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu kandi hirindwa ingaruka mbi iyi mikino ishobora kugira ku buzima bw’abayikina.
RDB yahawe inshingano zo kugenzura imikino y’amahirwe muri Kamena 2024, kuri ubu ikaba yashyizeho iyi politiki igamije gushyiraho urwego rw’imikino y’amahirwe rutekanye kandi rugenzurwa, rurinda abaturage ibyababangamira kandi ruteza imbere ubukungu na sosiyete Nyarwanda.
Imikino ivugwa muri iyi politiki irimo (Tombola), uyu ukaba mukino w’amahirwe ukinwa mu gihe abawukina bagura amatike ashingiye ku mahirwe yo gutsindira ibihembo.
Indi mikino ivugwa irimo za kazino (casino), umukino wo kubika no kubura amakarita (blackjack), umukino w’amakarita ukinirwa ku meza (poker), umukino ushingiye ku kuba umukinnyi afite amakarita abiri cyangwa atatu mu ntoki (baccarat) umukino wo guhirika akabumbe ku mupira wihindukiza uriho imibare (roulette), kimwe n’imashini zinjizwamo ibiceri n’ibikoresho by”ikoranabuhanga byifashishwa mu mikino y’amahirwe.
Iyi politiki kandi ireba ibyo gutega ku mikino, ari na byo bimenyerewe cyane mu Rwanda. Aha harimo gushyiraho integano ku bizava mu bikorwa by’imikino biba imbonankubone cyangwa bibera mu ikoranabuhanga.
Ibikorwa byo gutega bisanzwe bikorwa kuri iyo mikino irimo uw’amaguru uw’intoki, isiganwa ry’amafarasi no gutega ku bikorwa by’imikino bibera mu ikoranabuhanga rya murandasi. Gutega bijyanye n’imikino bishobora gukorerwa mu nzu zo gutegeramo zifite impushya cyangwa ku mbuga z’ikoranabuhanga zibifitiye impushya.
Imashini zinjizwamo ibiceri nazo zorebwa n’iyi politiki. Izo ni mashini zinjizwamo ibiceri cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa ku mikino y’amahirwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM)), ikaba icyuma gikoreshwa mu bikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe kigizwe n’ibyuma byihindukiza biriho ibimenyetso binyuranye.
Abakina uwo mukino binzijamo amafaranga n’integano zirebana n’ibishobora kuboneka bigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso hashingiwe ku buryo bwagenwe bwo kwishyura.
Mu Rwanda hari Ibibazo biterwa n’imikino y’amahirwe
Nk’uko bisanzwe imikino y’amahirwe ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza zirimo guhanga imirimo, kongera imisoro n’ibindi bitandukanye.
Nko mu Rwanda, urwego rw’imikino y’amahirwe rwagize uruhare ku izamuka ry’ubukungu binyuze mu guhanga imirimo, kwinjiza imisoro no gushora imari mu bikorwa bitandukanye.
Hagati ya 2013 na 2019, urwo rwego rwungutse 264.3 RWF harimo imisoro ingana na miliyari 8.8 RWF, runagira uruhare mu gutanga imisanzu mu rwego rw’Ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda (RSSB) ingana na miliyoni 623.2 RWF, amahoro n’andi mafaranga angana na miliyoni 334.2 RWF.
Hahanzwe imirimo igera ku 2,000 harimo 79% mu birebana no gutega bijyanye n’imikino, 13% ku mashini zinjizwamo ibiceri na 8% kuri kazino. Ibi byafashije kugabanya umubare w’abashomeri ndetse bizamura ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu nzego zifitanye isano n’urwo rwego.
Gusa nubwo bimeze gutya, haracyari ibyuho muri uru rwego bituma iyi mikino ishobora kugira ingaruka zirimo n’ibibazo byo mu mutwe, guteza ubukene mu bafite amikoro aciriritse n’ibindi.
Ikindi kibazo cyagaragajwe ni ikigero cyiyongera cy’ababatwa n’imikino y’amahirwe, kujegajega ku bukungu bw’abasanzwe binjiza amafaranga make, ibishobora kongera ubukene ndetse bikanatera ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Muri iyo politiki yashyizweho na RDB, ivuga ko “mu bitera ihungabana harimo ihungabana rituruka ku bihe bibi umuntu yabayemo, kwiheba n’agahinda kenshi bifite aho bihurira no kubatwa n’imikino y’amahirwe, bikarushaho gutuma ingaruka z’ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe ziba mbi ku bantu.”
Ku rundi ruhande, kutagenzura neza iyi mikino ndetse n’ibijyanye n’imari, bishobora kuvamo ibikorwa by’amafaranga bitagengwa n’amategeko bishobora kuganisha ku inyerezwa ryayo.
Ikindi kandi imisoro iva mu bikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe iracyari mike mu Rwanda kubera kutabasha kubahiriza amategeko agenga imisoro, cyane cyane ku mbuga zikorerwaho imikino y’amahirwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.
Ibi byose bishobora kuvamo ibikorwa byo kunyereza imisoro, ubujura no kudaha amahirwe angana abafite ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe.
Ni mu gihe umusaruro uturuka muri ibi bikorwa utagira uruhare rufatika mu iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu kubera ko urwo rwego rutabasha gusora mu buryo bukwiriye.
Mu 2023, nibwo ibi byagaragaye cyane, ubwo abantu benshi bafite ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe baciwe ihazabu kubera kutubahiriza ibipimo ngengamikorere.
Ikindi ni uko kutabasha kurengera abitabira imikino y’amahirwe bituma abakina batsikamirwa n’ababashakamo indonke, banagamije kwiherezaho inyungu.
Ibi bibazo byagaragaye, byashakiwe ibisubizo
RDB yagaragaje politiki izagira uruhare mu guteza imbere urwego rw’imikino y’amahirwe mu Rwanda, mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibi bibazo.
Iyi politiki ikubiye mu kunoza imicungire y’ingaruka ku mibereho no ku bukungu ijyana na gahunda z’ibikorwa byizewe by”imikino y’amahirwe, gahunda z’ubukangurambaga, serivisi zishinzwe ubufasha n’amategeko aboneye arebana no kwamamaza.
Mu birebana no kurengera imibereho y’Abanyarwanda, harimo korohereza umuntu kuba yakwivana muri iyi mikino igihe abishatse, hagashyirwaho ingano ntarengwa y’amafaranga atangwa ndetse no kubona serivisi z’ubufasha ku bibazo by’abakina imikino y’amahirwe.
Harimo kandi kongera ubukangurambaga bwibanda cyane cyane ku matsinda aterwa ibibazo n’iyo mikino, arimo urubyiruko n’abashobora kubatwa n’imikino y’amahirwe.
Ikindi kandi hazashyirwaho imirongo ya telefoni itangirwaho ubufasha ku rwego rw’igihugu na serivisi zitanga ubufasha n’ubujyanama ku bantu bagizweho ingaruka n’ibibazo bikomoka ku mikino y’amahirwe.
Ku bijyanye n’amategeko ajyanye no kwamamaza ndetse no gusakaza ibikorwa b’imikino y’amahirwe, hazibandwa ku bakiri bato bitabira iyi mikino ndetse n’abagirwaho ingaruka n’iyo mikino.
Harimo kandi kwirinda gukoresha ibyamamare n’abantu bakomeye mu mikino mu gihe cyo kwamamaza, cyangwa kwifashisha ahantu hafite umwihariko mu gihe cyo kwamamaza ndetse n’ubutumwa busobanutse buburira abantu ku ngaruka z’imikino y’amahirwe.
Hari kandi kugaragaza ibibazo by’abakina imikino y’amahirwe, hagashyirwaho uburyo n’amabwiriza bigezweho by’igenzura bikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ingero zidasanzwe mu gutega n’imyitwarire yerekeza ku bibazo bikomoka ku mikino y’amahirwe.
Ikindi abafite ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe basabwa kubigiramo uruhare no gufasha bantu bagizweho ingaruka nayo.
Imisoro igiye kongerwa
Abafite ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe mu Rwanda, bishyura 13% ku mafaranga mbumbe binjije (ikinyuranyo hagati y’amafaranga biteze n’ayatsindiwe), naho abakina imikino y’amahirwe bishyura 15% by’ayo batsindiye.
Ugereranyije n’ahandi iri janisha riri hasi kuko nko muri Macau isoresha 39% by’umutungo mbumbe winjira ku musoro ku mikino y’amahirwe. Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zisoresha 24%, bikaba 15% ku Bwongereza.
Politiki nshya ya RDB yo ivuga ko “mu guhuza gahunda y’isoresha na gahunda z’iterambere zishyirwa imbere ku rwego rw’igihugu, ivugurura rizashimangira uruhare rw’urwego rw’imikino y’amahirwe mu gushyigikiraho gahunda rusange, harimo ubuvuzi, uburezi n’izindi gahunda z’imibereho zigomba kwitabwaho, kandi rigafasha mu iterambere ryizewe ry’urwego rw’imikino y’amahirwe.
Kubera izo mpamvu, hateganyijwe ibikorwa birimo kongera gusuzuma ijanisha ry’umusoro no kongera gusobanura ifatizo ry’umusoro hagamijwe kongera umutungo winjira no kunoza imikorere.
Harimo kandi gushyiraho umusoro ku byaguzwe uhindagurika urebana n’ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe.
Uyu musoro uzajya ukatwa ku mafaranga yateganijwe n’ukina imikino y’amahirwe mu rwego rwo guca intege abitabira imikino y’amahirwe mu buryo buhoraho.
Iyi politiki ivuga ko “Ikigereranyo nyakuri cy’ijanisha ry’imisoro kigomba kugereranywa n’ikijyanye n’ibindi bintu byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu nk’itabi, mu rwego rwo guca intege abitabira mu buryo bukabije imikino y’amahirwe.”
Ikindi gikorwa ni ugushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zirebana n’imisoro harimo umusoro ushingiye ku mafaranga yinjijwe ku mutungo rusange w’ufite ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe, bigafatwa nk’umusanzu utegetswe ku mibereho hagamijwe kongera umutungo no kugabanya ibikorwa by’imikino y’amahirwe byabangamira abandi bantu batarebwa na byo.
Iyi politiki kandi ivuga ko Ishyirwaho ry’Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe imikino y’amahirwe na Komisiyo y’imikino y’amahirwe ndetse n’Urwego ngenzuramikorere ku mikino y’amahirwe rwigenga hamwe n’iyubahirizwa ry’imirongo ngenderwaho iboneye.
Yongeraho ko “ibi bizagabanya ibikorwa bitemewe n’amategeko, bizamure imikorere ishingiye ku bisabwa kandi birengere abantu bagira ibibazo bitewe n’imikino y’amahirwe. Mu myaka 10 iri imbere, urwego rw’imikino y’amahirwe mu Rwanda ruteganya gukora impinduka zikomeye zishingiye ku ivugurura ry’ubugenzuzi n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.”
