Mu mujyi witaruye udasanzwe, buri kintu cyose kiri munsi y’ubutaka – kuva ku nsengero kugeza ku ho abantu baca ingando bakajya kuharuhukira. Mu gihe isi irimo kwerekeza ku nyongera y’ubushyuhe ya dogere 2.7C, dukwiye kuba tugana munsi y’ubutaka?
Mu muhanda muremure werekeza rwagati muri Australia, mu rugendo rwa kilometero 848 rwerekeza mu majyaruguru uvuye mu bibaya byo ku nkombe by’umujyi wa Adelaide, hakwirakwiriye inyubako zifite agasongero zo mu iforoma ya piramide zo mu mucanga ziteye kwibaza. Ahanini nta kizikikije.
Ariko iyo ukomeje umuhanda munini, ubona izindi nyubako nk’izi. Buri kanya ukabona uruhombo rw’umweru ruva munsi, ruri iruhande rwa buri nyubako.
Ibi ni ibimenyetso bya mbere by’umujyi wa Coober Pedy ucukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro, utuwe n’abantu bagera ku 2,500.
Twinshi mu dusongero twawo duto ni ibisigazwa by’ubutaka bwacukuwemo amabuye y’agaciro bimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ariko ni na gihamya y’akandi gashya ka hano – ko hari abantu batuye munsi y’ubutaka.
Muri aka gace k’isi, 60% by’abaturage baba mu nzu zubatswe mu mabuye manini yo mu mucanga. Mu duce tumwe twa hano, ibimenyetso byonyine byuko hatuwe n’abantu ni imyobo y’ubuhumekero igaragara hejuru, ndetse n’ubutaka bwasagutse bukamenwa hafi yo ku miryango.
Muri iki gihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi, ubu buryo bwo kubaho mu buvumo (cave) bubonwa nk’ubudasanzwe. Ariko iyo ari ku mpeshyi, ubu buvumo bwa Coober Pedy – ugenekereje bivuze “umuzungu w’umugabo uri mu mwobo”, mu rurimi rw’abasangwabutaka bo muri Australia – nta gisobanuro kindi bucyeneye: hano hasanzwe hashyuha ku kigero cya dogere 52C, ubushyuhe bwinshi kuburyo n’inyoni za hano zizwiho guhubuka mu kirere zikitura hasi, ndetse n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigomba kubikwa mu byuma byo gukonjesha, ibi bizwi nka ‘frigo’.
Uyu mwaka, wagira ngo ubwo buryo bwari buzi ibizaba, kurusha mu kindi gihe cyose cyabayeho. Mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga (7), umujyi wa Chongqing, mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa, byabaye ngombwa ko witabaza gufungura ubwugamo bwo kwirinda ibisasu bivuye mu kirere bwubatswe mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’isi – ubwo Ubuyapani bwamishaga ibisasu byinshi – kugira ngo uwo mujyi ubone uko uha ubwugamiro abaturage bawo ku kindi kintu cyari kibugarije: igihe cy’iminsi 10 aho ubushyuhe bwari burenze dogere 35C.
Abandi bagiye bajya muri za resitora “zo mu buvumo” zimenyerewe muri uwo mujyi.
Mu gihe amezi atatu y’ubushyuhe bwinshi akomeje muri Amerika – ubushyuhe n’ibimera byo mu bwoko bwa ‘cacti’ bidashobora guhangara – ndetse n’imiriro y’agasozi ikaba irimo gutwika ibice binini by’Uburayi bw’amajyepfo, ni iki dushobora kwigira ku baturage b’ubuvumo bwa Coober Pedy?
Coober Pedy si ho hantu hameze gutya ha mbere habayeho ku isi, kandi si ho ha mbere hanini ku isi habayeho, aho abantu batuye mu rusisiro rwo munsi y’ubutaka.
Hashize imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi abantu basuhukira mu buvumo kugira ngo bahangane n’ikirere kigoye, kuva ku ba sokuru ba muntu basize ibikoresho byabo mu buvumo bwo muri Afurika y’Epfo mu myaka miliyoni ebyiri ishize.
Ndetse n’inguge (chimpanzees/chimpanzés) zabonetse zihoreza (zikonjeshereza) mu buvumo, kugira ngo bizifashe guhangana n’ubushye bukabije bwo ku manywa mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bwa Sénégal.
Muri Coober Pedy, inyubako zo munsi y’ubutaka zigomba kuba nibura zifite metero enye z’ubujyakuzimu, kugira ngo ibisenge byazo bitagwa – kandi munsi y’amabuye angana gutya, buri gihe haba hashyushye biringaniye (dogere 23C).
Mu gihe abatuye hejuru y’ubutaka babuzwa amahwemo n’ubushyuhe nk’ubwo mu itanure (ryo gutwikiramo amatafari cyangwa amategura) n’amajoro akonje cyane yo mu bihe by’ubukonje bwinshi, aho ubukonje buhora buri munsi ya dogere 2C cyangwa 3C, ingo zo munsi y’ubutaka zihora zifite ubushyuhe bumeze neza, nk’ubusanzwe bwo mu cyumba, amasaha 24 ku masaha 24 y’umunsi, umwaka ugashira undi ugataha.
Uretse uko kumererwa neza kwo kubaho munsi y’ubutaka, inyungu nini yo kuba munsi y’ubutaka ni amafaranga.
Ubuvumo bwa Coober Pedy bukoresha umuriro w’amashanyarazi wabwo bwite bwitunganyirije – 70% byawo biva ku muyaga no ku zuba – mu gihe uburyo busanzwe bwo gutuma mu nzu isanzwe hagira ubuhehere akenshi buba buhenze cyane.
Jason Wright, umuturage wo muri ubu buvumo ushinzwe kwita ku hantu abantu baca ingando ho kuruhukira hazwi nka Riba’s, yagize ati: “Kuba hejuru y’ubutaka, uriha amafarana menshi cyane yo gushyushya no gukonjesha mu nzu, iyo akenshi hari ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 50C ku mpeshyi”.
Ku rundi ruhande, inyungu zindi zo mu buvumo bwa Coober Pedy ni uko nta dukoko tw’inigwahabiri tuhaba. Wright ati: “Iyo ugeze ku muryango udukoko turaguruka tukakuva ku mugongo, ntidushaka kuza mu mwijima no mu bukonje”. Yongeraho ko nta rusaku n’ibihumanya urumuri bihaba.
Mu buryo budasanzwe, imibereho yo munsi y’ubutaka ishobora no gutanga ubwirinzi igihe habayeho umutingito w’isi, nkuko Wright abivuga.
Ati: “Twagize imitingito ibiri kuva natangira kuba hano kandi sinigeze nshiguka na rimwe”. (Ariko umutekano w’inyubako zo munsi y’ubutaka igihe habaye umutingito w’isi, uterwa n’ukuntu inyubako yagutse, ubujyakuzimu bwayo n’ukuntu yubatse mu buryo bw’urusobe.)
Birashoboka ko mu gihe kiri imbere, inyubako zidasanzwe zo mu mucanga z’iforoma ya piramide nk’izo muri Coober Pedy, zizatangira kugaragara no mu bindi bice by’isi.
Ivomo: BBC news
